Studii și Materiale de Istorie Modernă - ultimul număr apărut
Vol. XXXVII, 2024
L’article est une approche concernant la condition de la femme de la haute société des principautés roumaines durant la première moitié du XIXème siècle, vue surtout par le biais des notes faites par les observateurs étrangers. Ceux-ci, justement à cause de leur extériorité par rapport à la société roumaine, se trouvait en posture de surprendre avec plus de force les traits qui en étaient spécifiques. On constate alors que, au-delà de toute limitation politique, les femmes appartenant à la classe nobiliaire étaient bien émancipées en matière de vie familiale et de participation à l’espace public. Elles ont déployé par la suite un type de comportement désinhibé, assumé plus tard par les femmes des classes moyennes aussi, qui se retrouve y compris une centaine d’années plus.
This study aims to provide an overview of a deplorable chapter in the history of infrastructure in the Old Kingdom of Romania around the First World War. This chapter is also relevant when studying the integration of the business environment at the mouth of the Danube into the technical innovations and practices of the world market. As the business community’s informed voices emphasised at the end of the 19th century, the telephone became a common means of transferring information, at least over distances of hundreds of kilometres, facilitating communication and boosting trade relations between trading partners. Despite a commendable initiative to experiment with the telephone in Bucharest as early as 1877, and to create a small national network, the Romanian authorities were overwhelmed by the historical success that cereals from the Danube hinterland had the trade scene. The press and important tradesmen alike did not hesitate to use local and central newspaper to directly criticize the small number of telephone connections between Bucharest and the main Romanian ports, accusing the central authorities of inaction and not understanding the urgent need to remedy the existing situation in Brăila, Galaţi and Sulina. The connections with other countries, with the big entrepôts, seemed a utopia for the business environment at the Lower Danube. The study is based on unpublished documents from Romanian archives, corroborated with information from the newspapers of the time.
In the spring of 1833, Moldavia and Wallachia again found themselves involved in military events within the Ottoman Empire. If the tsarist armies entered the principalities in 1828 bearing the banner of the anti ottoman liberation, five years later the same forces intervened in the same territory with a completely differ ent mission: to help the sultan in the civil war that threatened Constantinople. This makes this occupation the more interesting, as one in which the Russian army was present as both enemy and ally of the Porte. Both instances were the result of Russia’s f avourable position after 1828 1829 war, but also of a certain strategy that characterised the foreign policy practiced by several European powers on different occasions. Namely, it was considered that a weak Ottoman Empire could be more beneficial than one thrown into chaos.
Whatever the motif for Russia’s descent on the Danube, the outcome was a strain put on the local population and institutions. The massing of forces into Wallachia during 1833 can be considered a distinct phase of its occupation, and sho uld be studied in detail, as it covered by an impressive number of preserved sources, including original documents issued by the Russian Army, present in Romanian Archives. In this paper we only sought to shed new light on these events, after decades of being almost completely neglected by historians. We aimed to reconstruct basic chronologies and causalities related to this military operation. The exploration of its implications on civilian life will be left for future publications.
This paper deals with the efforts carried by the state and local authorities for setting up two important ceremonies in the spring and the fall of 1834.
The main matters we deal with are two events of utmost importance for Wallachia as a country subjected to Russian protectorate and Turkish sovereignity, respectively the arrival and the coronation of the newly appointed ruler, Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica, first prince to rule according to Regulamentul Organic.
That is why the state authorities, while projecting and designing the ceremonies, had to reffer to the new status of the country and, meanwhile, to the old traditions deriving from the past.
Studying the holds and the records held by the National Archives of Romania, written and put together by several institutions of the time in Bucharest, one could see and understand the tough task authorities were facing with planning the welcoming of the prince in July, as well as the coronation, in October 1834.
The body has come to occupy a central place in cultural history, with historians consistently exploring such themes as the history of disease, disability, beauty, and sexuality. The aim of this article is to identify some of the new approaches in the cultural history of the body in the last decades. The current historical work studies how discursive formations, be they administrative, medical, or literary, have constituted the human body as an object, whether of inquiry, regulation, or pleasure. However, in the recent years, many researchers focused on ways of signifying with the body as well as ways of thinking about it.
6. Raluca Tomi, Alexandru Marcu – jurnal din anii marelui război, p. 133-149.
The generation of the Great War was marked by its consequences, and this article presents the intellectual formative years of Alexandru Marcu, whose translations, studies, monographs, critical editions have marked generations of Italianists. During the war years Marcu succeeded in developing his personality through a rapid emotional maturation, marked by personal dramas and the tragedies of his contemporaries, which gave his intellectual journey depth, rigor and passion to draw out the essence and beauty of universal and national literature. We wished to present his training as a future Italianist, based on less used sources in the manuscript’s sections of the National Library or the Romanian Academy Library, especially as this year marks the 130th anniversary of his birth.